What is the Alleged Onset Date (AOD) in a Social Security disability case?

That depends on the date Social Security determined that your disability began and, if you are applying for SSI, whether you meet the financial requirements. If you are applying for DIB benefits, then there is 5 month waiting period to consider.

In other words, there are too many factors for me to tell you if you will get back benefits. Fortunately, Social Security will notify you of your monthly benefits and any back benefits you may be entitled to.

I can't say without knowing the case. These articles may shed some light on it for you though:

http://www.socialsecurityinsider.com/2008/08/wh…

http://www.socialsecurityinsider.com/2008/04/th…

All my best!

Possibly SSA did not see enough treatment until November?
Possibly because of a  5 month waiting period issue? http://www.socialsecurityinsider.com/2009/04/what-is-the-5-month-waiting-period-in-disability-insurance-cases/

You could contact SSA and speak to the case rep and inquire 1) what is the date SSA determined your disability began, and 2) why did Social Security decide the disability was not disabling earlier.

Ultimately it is possible to appeal even a favorable decision to try to get earlier benefits. The decision should go over the appeal process. If not, your local SSA office can go through the process.